最後の翻訳ベンチマーク
Last Translation Benchmark
September 3, 2026
著者: Vilém Zouhar, Niyati Bafna, Mukund Choudhary, Maike Züfle, Sara Rajaee, Pinzhen Chen, Jannis Vamvas, Sara Papi, Ona de Gibert, Bhavitvya Malik, Eliya Habba, Orfeas Menis Mastromichalakis, Patrícia Schmidtová, Michelle Wastl, Sheriff Issaka, Leshem Choshen, Stella Biderman, Antonis Anastasopoulos, Jan Niehues, Rico Sennrich, Mrinmaya Sachan, Ondřej Bojar, Kenton Murray, Jörg Tiedemann, Alham Fikri Aji, Philipp Koehn, Christof Monz, Alexandra Birch, Sowmya Vajjala, Chalamalasetti Kranti, Cristina España-Bonet, Nobin Sarwar, David Kaczér, Shunta Asano, Malik Marmonier, Daban Q. Jaff, Vaisakhi Mishra, Hend Al- Khalifa, Gabriele Sarti, Sourajit Saha, Nils Rehlinger, Juan Daniel Cuervo Villa, Jonathan Tonglet, Saugata Purkayastha, Dominik Macháček, Jagannathan Ramanujam, Heejin Do, Zuzana Nadova, Fred Philippy, Fabian Retkowski, Maria Lymperaiou, Silvia Casola, Hanna Yukhymenko, Shubhashis Roy Dipta, Sangwon Ryu, Andrés Jerez, Ron Keinan, Shuaib Shuaib Yusuf, Avantica Vempati, Maria Carmen Staiano, Sukannya Purkayastha, Adrian Cosma, Vitalii Babenko, Erivan Inan, Aviral Nigam, Wafa Aissa, Fatima Haouari, Venkata Prasanth Kumar Gummadi, Mehdi Jafarzadeh, Valentin Scourneau, Lukas Edman, Kaiser Sun, Shaomu Tan, Mohammad Sadegh Gholizadeh, Johannes-Rudolf David, Dipankar Srirag, Javier García Gilabert, Ruta Binkyte, Manar Ali, Ana-Maria Bucur, Sabry E. Farrag, Youssef Saber, Yihong Liu, Jean Maillard, Cojocaru Nicoleta, Xiaochuang Yuan, Sina Ahmadi, Philipp Mondorf, Kaustubh Dhole, Roman Wixinger, Shenbin Qian, Manuel Tuor, Sergey Troshin, Jonathan Yahav, Fida Mohammad Thoker, Amir Arsalan Rezapour, Lance Calvin Lim Gamboa, Manon Reusens, Kätriin Kukk, Koel Dutta Chowdhury, Giuseppe Gallipoli, Christian Hoang, Shaswati Saha, Seth Aycock, Jan Kocoń, Bo Chen, Linh Vu, Vatsal Venkatkrishna, Arafat Ahsan, Luan Thanh Nguyen, Hassan Soliman, Daryna Dementieva, Theresia Veronika Rampisela, Ngoc Quynh Tram Do, Marius Huber, Kazuki Egashira, Azmine Toushik Wasi, Vladislav Poritski, Mike Zhang, Deep Shah, Paul Gavrikov, Luis Frentzen Salim, David Africa, R. Damanhuri, Bello Umar Bello, Anumit Garg, Gengyu Rao, Pawan Sasanka Ammanamanchi, Kamile Dementaviciute, Andrianos Michail, L D M S Sai Teja, Dawei Zhu, Yi Fan, Wei Liu, Farhan Farsi, Elias Herranen, Sankalan Pal Chowdhury, Karen Sanchez, Farzad Shami, Ashok Urlana, Zimu Wang, Tomasz Limisiewicz, Priyaranjan Pattnayak, Marii Ojastu, Hongbin Na, Emilian Radoi, Chenyi Zhao, Carlos Hinojosa, Andrea Gregor de Varda, Zaid Alyafeai, Reem Alzahrani, Nehal Kathrotia, Alex Flückiger, Ulysses Sekai Tully Carr, Jimson Paulo Layacan, Guy Kaplan, Ritwik Tiwari, Rishit Dagli, Oksana Volchek, Isaac R Caswell, Bowen Yi, Blanka Kövér, Amir Hossein Yari, Aicha Chorana, Zhengxiang Wang, Selja Keränen, Samuel Simko, Joy Olusanya, Jenny Chim, Enzo Doyen, Vivek Harsha Lakkamaneni, Sophia Conrad, Pouya Sadeghi, Panayiotis Panayiotou, Luis Lara, Jannatul Nayem, Eran Yahav, Debanshu Das, Antonia Karamolegkou, Anmol Goel, Aishik Mandal, Tommaso Cerruti, Raoyuan Zhao, Mykola Haltiuk, Thura Aung, Naser Almousa, Amir Hossein Kargaran, Rachel Bawden, Qiaoyuan Zheng, Mateusz Lango, Beni Egressy, Fidel Rodríguez Velásquez, Natchapon Jongwiriyanurak, Minh Ngoc Do, Marco Gaido, Lena Libon, Dzmitry Kuzmin, Badal Nyalang, Antoine Taroni, Andrei Niculae, Abdulaziz Nura Kani, Rushikesh Zawar, Marek Šuppa, Beatrice Savoldi, Andreas Simons, Rayyan Merchant, Ilai Yaron Levy, Francesco Pinto, Ziyi Yang, Yolanda Xavier, Samuel Frontull, Muhammad Ravi Shulthan Habibi, Kenneth Enevoldsen, Harris Abdul Majid, Francesca Padovani, Tim Graf, Tatiana Bielakova, Sharifa Djurabaeva, Shaoxiong Ji, Raia Abu Ahmad, Pavel Stepachev, Jirui Qi, Ayush Sunil Munot, Alireza Pakniat, Ayla Rigouts Terryn, Yuxing Lu, Yurii Paniv, Xiyan Fu, Tosin Adewumi, Sunisth Kumar, Stéphane J. P. S. Thunus, Shree Harsha Bokkahalli Satish, Shayan Bali, Prakhar Gupta, Papa Abdou Karim Karou Diallo, Matija Akrap, Marko Culjak, Kristýna Onderková, Joseph Attieh, Esrael Teferi Tensay, Elisabeth Fittschen, Benoît Sagot, Jingwei Ni, Yu Fan
cs.AI
要旨
科学の進歩のためには、最先端モデルの限界を試すベンチマークと、失敗事例を明らかにする評価手法が必要である。モデルの性能が向上するにつれて、機械翻訳の標準ベンチマークは飽和状態に近づきつつある。さらに、自動翻訳評価指標は信頼性が低く、報酬ハッキングの影響を受けやすく、改善の指針にならない評価しか提供しない。また、ゴールドスタンダードとされる人手評価でさえ問題がないわけではない。人手評価は再現性、客観性、スケーラビリティを欠くことが多いからである。こうした問題は、機械翻訳分野における客観的な進歩の追跡と、改善への道筋の特定を妨げている。
本稿では、人間が作成し査読を経た、最先端の機械翻訳モデルの翻訳を誤らせる事例（テキスト、画像、音声、動画）を収録したLast Translation Benchmark（LTB）を紹介する。さらに、新たな評価手法も提示する。各事例には、その事例で生じる具体的な失敗パターンを記述した人手作成の検証ルールが付属しており、それにより、信頼性が高く、具体的な改善につながる今後の評価が可能になる。
Last Translation Benchmarkは、継続的な投稿を受け付けるライブデータセットである。最新版はLTBv1であり、2026年9月1日より前に受理された投稿が収録されている。今後も新しいデータが継続的に収集されるのに伴い、将来のリリースが予定されている。
English
For scientific progress, we need benchmarks that test the limits of state-of-the-art models, and evaluation methods that inform us about failure cases. As models get stronger, standard benchmarks for machine translation are approaching saturation. Further, automatic translation metrics are unreliable, vulnerable to reward-hacking, and provide unactionable assessments. Even gold human evaluation is not problem-free, because it often lacks reproducibility, objectivity, and scalability. Overall, this prevents us from tracking objective progress in the field and identifying pathways for improvement. We introduce the Last Translation Benchmark, a collection of human-authored and peer-reviewed examples (texts, images, audio, videos) that break leading machine translation models. We also present a new evaluation approach: each example comes with handcrafted verification rules describing concrete failure cases on that example, therefore allowing reliable and actionable future evaluation. The Last Translation Benchmark is a live dataset that accepts ongoing contributions. The latest version is LTBv1, containing accepted contributions prior to September 1st 2026, with future releases planned as new data is continuously collected.