世界模型的批判

摘要

世界模型，作為生物體所經歷並與之互動的真實環境的算法替代，近年來已成為一個新興話題，這源於開發具有人工（通用）智能的虛擬代理的迫切需求。關於世界模型究竟是什麼、如何構建、如何使用以及如何評估，學界存在諸多爭論。本文從著名科幻經典《沙丘》中的想像出發，並借鑒心理學文獻中「假設性思維」的概念，對世界建模的幾種學派觀點進行了批判，並主張世界模型的主要目標應是模擬現實世界中所有可操作的可能性，以實現有目的的推理與行動。基於這些批判，我們提出了一種新的通用世界模型架構，該架構基於分層、多層次及混合連續/離散表示，以及生成式與自監督學習框架，並展望了由該模型驅動的物理性、能動性與嵌套性（PAN）AGI系統的前景。

English

World Model, the supposed algorithmic surrogate of the real-world environment which biological agents experience with and act upon, has been an emerging topic in recent years because of the rising needs to develop virtual agents with artificial (general) intelligence. There has been much debate on what a world model really is, how to build it, how to use it, and how to evaluate it. In this essay, starting from the imagination in the famed Sci-Fi classic Dune, and drawing inspiration from the concept of "hypothetical thinking" in psychology literature, we offer critiques of several schools of thoughts on world modeling, and argue the primary goal of a world model to be simulating all actionable possibilities of the real world for purposeful reasoning and acting. Building on the critiques, we propose a new architecture for a general-purpose world model, based on hierarchical, multi-level, and mixed continuous/discrete representations, and a generative and self-supervision learning framework, with an outlook of a Physical, Agentic, and Nested (PAN) AGI system enabled by such a model.

世界模型的批判

Critiques of World Models

摘要

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