幻觉引用问题剖析：基于ACL会议300篇虚构论文的引用失真影响研究

摘要

近期，我们在审稿论文、预印本及已发表文献中频繁观察到虚构引文现象，这些引文指向根本不存在的学术成果。此类"幻影引文"对科学可靠性构成严重威胁，当其出现在录用论文中时，还可能损害学术会议的公信力。本研究将此类虚构引文称为"幻引"，系统考察了其分布规律与影响范围。通过分析ACL、NAACL和EMNLP三大会议2024至2025年所有出版物（包括主会论文、Findings系列及研讨会论文），我们发现近300篇论文存在至少一处幻引，其中多数发表于2025年。尤为值得注意的是，半数问题论文出现在最新举办的EMNLP 2025会议上，表明该问题呈快速蔓延趋势。更严重的是，EMNLP 2025主会及Findings系列录用的此类论文超过百篇，已对会议声誉造成实质性影响。

English

Recently, we have often observed hallucinated citations or references that do not correspond to any existing work in papers under review, preprints, or published papers. Such hallucinated citations pose a serious concern to scientific reliability. When they appear in accepted papers, they may also negatively affect the credibility of conferences. In this study, we refer to hallucinated citations as "HalluCitation" and systematically investigate their prevalence and impact. We analyze all papers published at ACL, NAACL, and EMNLP in 2024 and 2025, including main conference, Findings, and workshop papers. Our analysis reveals that nearly 300 papers contain at least one HalluCitation, most of which were published in 2025. Notably, half of these papers were identified at EMNLP 2025, the most recent conference, indicating that this issue is rapidly increasing. Moreover, more than 100 such papers were accepted as main conference and Findings papers at EMNLP 2025, affecting the credibility.

幻觉引用问题剖析：基于ACL会议300篇虚构论文的引用失真影响研究

HalluCitation Matters: Revealing the Impact of Hallucinated References with 300 Hallucinated Papers in ACL Conferences

摘要

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