基础协议：智能体社会的协调层

摘要

自主代理正从工具演变为社会基础设施层：它们浏览信息、采购商品、部署软件、管理系统，并日益频繁地相互交互。随着这些系统规模扩大，瓶颈从原始模型能力转向协调机制。代理需要构建可靠关系，组织多代理协作，实现价值交换，支撑人工智能经济体系，并在现实监管下保持安全性与问责性。本文提出基础协议（Foundation Protocol, FP），这是一个面向新兴人机社会的图优先协调层。FP统一异构实体（包括代理、工具、资源、人类、机构及组织），原生支持多方组织与事件驱动的协作，提供用于计量、收据与结算的经济原语，并将策略、溯源与审计作为一等公民概念处理。FP旨在封装与桥接现有协议而非取代之，支持渐进式采纳，同时降低集成与治理成本。其核心理念是：在保持自主代理可组合性的同时，确保问责性不可妥协，从而使得协调本身能够成为开放、多元、可治理的人机社会的共享基础设施。

English

Autonomous agents are moving from tools into a layer of social infrastructure: they browse, purchase, deploy software, manage systems, and increasingly interact with one another. As these systems scale, the bottleneck shifts away from raw model capability toward coordination. Agents need to form reliable relationships, organize multi-agent work, exchange value, support an AI economy, and stay safe and accountable under real-world oversight. This paper introduces the Foundation Protocol (FP), a graph-first coordination layer for an emerging human-AI society. FP unifies heterogeneous entities, including agents, tools, resources, humans, institutions, and organizations, and supports native multi-party organization and event-based collaboration. It also provides economic primitives for metering, receipts, and settlement, and treats policy, provenance, and audit as first-class concerns. FP is designed to wrap and bridge existing protocols rather than replace them, enabling incremental adoption while reducing integration and governance overhead. The aim is to keep autonomous agency composable while keeping accountability non-negotiable, so that coordination itself can become shared infrastructure for a human-AI society that is open, pluralistic, and governable.