理解语言意味着什么？

摘要

语言理解不仅需要提取语言输入的表层含义，更需构建其所描述情境的丰富心智模型。本文提出，由于大脑核心语言系统的处理能力存在根本局限，深度理解语言需要将信息从语言系统输出至其他脑区——这些区域负责计算感知与运动表征、构建心智模型，并存储我们的世界知识与自传体记忆。我们回顾了支持该假说的现有证据，指出认知神经科学的最新进展既提供了理论基础，也创造了直接验证假说的研究方法，从而开辟了新路径以揭示语言理解在认知与神经层面的本质内涵。

English

Language understanding entails not just extracting the surface-level meaning of the linguistic input, but constructing rich mental models of the situation it describes. Here we propose that because processing within the brain's core language system is fundamentally limited, deeply understanding language requires exporting information from the language system to other brain regions that compute perceptual and motor representations, construct mental models, and store our world knowledge and autobiographical memories. We review the existing evidence for this hypothesis, and argue that recent progress in cognitive neuroscience provides both the conceptual foundation and the methods to directly test it, thus opening up a new strategy to reveal what it means, cognitively and neurally, to understand language.

理解语言意味着什么？

What does it mean to understand language?

摘要

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