立场：科研团队中的AI智能体应作为人-智能体系统进行研究

摘要

基于大语言模型的智能体正日益被部署为科学发现中的协作者，然而当前大多数研究聚焦于"AI科学家"的自主能力。我们认为，这忽视了科学团队协作中的社会性维度，而将AI科学家作为人机智能体系统（HAS）来研究——即以人机智能体对为分析单元——既未得到充分探索，也未得到充分重视。我们通过文献分析和实证研究确立了上述论点，并着重指出近期的事件和研究表明，在科学中部署智能体而不考虑人机动态关系会带来近期风险，包括科学探究多样性的减少。通过对现实案例研究的分析，我们展示了科学家与智能体能够相互增强彼此的能力。我们呼吁采用人机智能体系统的视角开展新研究，以建立数学框架来理解和促进科学发现中的人机协同。

English

Large language model-based agents are increasingly deployed as collaborators in scientific discovery yet most current work focuses on the autonomous capabilities of "AI Scientists". We argue that this overlooks the social aspects of scientific teamwork, and that studying AI Scientists as human-agent systems (HAS)--where the unit of analysis is the human-agent pair--is both underexplored and undervalued. We establish these points through literature and empirical analysis, and highlight recent incidences and studies which show that deploying agents in science without accounting for human-agent dynamics introduces near-term risks, including reduced diversity of scientific inquiry. Through analysis of real-world case studies, we show that scientists and agents can augment each other's capabilities. We call for new research that adopts the HAS lens to develop mathematical frameworks for understanding and fostering human-AI synergy in scientific discovery.