世界模型的批判

摘要

世界模型，作为生物体所体验并与之互动的真实环境的算法替代物，近年来因开发具备人工（通用）智能的虚拟代理的需求日益增长而成为一个新兴话题。关于世界模型究竟是什么、如何构建、如何使用以及如何评估，学界存在诸多争论。本文从科幻经典《沙丘》中的想象出发，汲取心理学文献中“假设性思维”概念的灵感，对世界建模的几种主要流派进行了批判性分析，并主张世界模型的核心目标在于模拟现实世界中所有可行动的可能性，以支持有目的的推理与行动。基于这些批判，我们提出了一种新型通用世界模型架构，该架构依托于层次化、多层级及混合连续/离散表示，以及生成式与自监督学习框架，并展望了由这一模型驱动的物理性、代理性及嵌套性（PAN）AGI系统。

English

World Model, the supposed algorithmic surrogate of the real-world environment which biological agents experience with and act upon, has been an emerging topic in recent years because of the rising needs to develop virtual agents with artificial (general) intelligence. There has been much debate on what a world model really is, how to build it, how to use it, and how to evaluate it. In this essay, starting from the imagination in the famed Sci-Fi classic Dune, and drawing inspiration from the concept of "hypothetical thinking" in psychology literature, we offer critiques of several schools of thoughts on world modeling, and argue the primary goal of a world model to be simulating all actionable possibilities of the real world for purposeful reasoning and acting. Building on the critiques, we propose a new architecture for a general-purpose world model, based on hierarchical, multi-level, and mixed continuous/discrete representations, and a generative and self-supervision learning framework, with an outlook of a Physical, Agentic, and Nested (PAN) AGI system enabled by such a model.

世界模型的批判

Critiques of World Models

摘要

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