行走于大语言模型软件开发的钢丝绳上：从业者视角

摘要

背景：大型语言模型的出现可能引发软件开发领域的革命（例如流程自动化、劳动力转型）。尽管已有研究开始探讨LLM对软件开发的实际影响，但仍需通过实证研究来权衡使用LLM带来的正向与反向效应。目的：从开发者视角探究LLM如何影响软件开发及如何管理这种影响。方法：在2024年10月至2025年9月期间，我们通过三轮数据收集与分析，对22位软件从业者进行访谈，并采用社会技术扎根理论对访谈内容进行系统性分析。结果：我们识别出在个体、团队、组织和社会层面使用LLM的益处（如维持开发流程顺畅、提升开发者心智模型、促进创业精神）与弊端（如对开发者个性的负面影响及声誉损害），同时总结了LLM应用的最佳实践。结论：我们重点揭示了软件从业者、团队及组织在使用LLM时面临的权衡关系。本研究结论尤其有助于软件团队负责人和IT管理者评估LLM在其特定情境下的适用性。

English

Background: Large Language Models emerged with the potential of provoking a revolution in software development (e.g., automating processes, workforce transformation). Although studies have started to investigate the perceived impact of LLMs for software development, there is a need for empirical studies to comprehend how to balance forward and backward effects of using LLMs. Objective: We investigated how LLMs impact software development and how to manage the impact from a software developer's perspective. Method: We conducted 22 interviews with software practitioners across 3 rounds of data collection and analysis, between October (2024) and September (2025). We employed socio-technical grounded theory (STGT) for data analysis to rigorously analyse interview participants' responses. Results: We identified the benefits (e.g., maintain software development flow, improve developers' mental model, and foster entrepreneurship) and disadvantages (e.g., negative impact on developers' personality and damage to developers' reputation) of using LLMs at individual, team, organisation, and society levels; as well as best practices on how to adopt LLMs. Conclusion: Critically, we present the trade-offs that software practitioners, teams, and organisations face in working with LLMs. Our findings are particularly useful for software team leaders and IT managers to assess the viability of LLMs within their specific context.

行走于大语言模型软件开发的钢丝绳上：从业者视角

Walking the Tightrope of LLMs for Software Development: A Practitioners' Perspective

摘要

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