PRISMM-Bench：基于同行评审的多模态不一致性基准测试

摘要

大型多模态模型（LMMs）在科学研究中的应用日益广泛，然而它们能否可靠地理解并推理论文中的多模态复杂性仍不明确。核心挑战在于检测并解决文本、图表、表格和公式之间的不一致性，这些问题往往微妙且领域特定，最终削弱了清晰度、可重复性和信任度。现有基准测试忽视了这一问题，要么孤立单一模态，要么依赖合成错误，未能捕捉现实世界的复杂性。我们推出了PRISMM-Bench（基于同行评审的多模态模型不一致性集），这是首个基于科学论文中评审者标记的真实不一致性的基准。通过评审挖掘、LLM辅助过滤和人工验证的多阶段流程，我们从242篇论文中精选了262个不一致性案例。基于此，我们设计了三个任务：不一致性识别、修正及配对匹配，以评估模型在不同模态间检测、纠正和推理不一致性的能力。此外，针对多项选择评估中模型仅利用答案模式而不真正理解问题的顽疾，我们进一步引入了基于JSON的结构化答案表示，通过减少对表面风格线索的依赖，最小化语言偏见。我们对21个领先的LMMs进行了基准测试，包括大型开源权重模型（GLM-4.5V 106B, InternVL3 78B）和专有模型（Gemini 2.5 Pro, GPT-5高推理版）。结果显示，模型表现显著偏低（26.1%-54.2%），凸显了多模态科学推理的挑战，并激励我们朝着可信赖的科学助手方向迈进。

English

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) are increasingly applied to scientific research, yet it remains unclear whether they can reliably understand and reason over the multimodal complexity of papers. A central challenge lies in detecting and resolving inconsistencies across text, figures, tables, and equations, issues that are often subtle, domain-specific, and ultimately undermine clarity, reproducibility, and trust. Existing benchmarks overlook this issue, either isolating single modalities or relying on synthetic errors that fail to capture real-world complexity. We introduce PRISMM-Bench (Peer-Review-sourced Inconsistency Set for Multimodal Models), the first benchmark grounded in real reviewer-flagged inconsistencies in scientific papers. Through a multi-stage pipeline of review mining, LLM-assisted filtering and human verification, we curate 262 inconsistencies from 242 papers. Based on this set, we design three tasks, namely inconsistency identification, remedy and pair matching, which assess a model's capacity to detect, correct, and reason over inconsistencies across different modalities. Furthermore, to address the notorious problem of choice-only shortcuts in multiple-choice evaluation, where models exploit answer patterns without truly understanding the question, we further introduce structured JSON-based answer representations that minimize linguistic biases by reducing reliance on superficial stylistic cues. We benchmark 21 leading LMMs, including large open-weight models (GLM-4.5V 106B, InternVL3 78B) and proprietary models (Gemini 2.5 Pro, GPT-5 with high reasoning). Results reveal strikingly low performance (26.1-54.2%), underscoring the challenge of multimodal scientific reasoning and motivating progress towards trustworthy scientific assistants.

PRISMM-Bench：基于同行评审的多模态不一致性基准测试

PRISMM-Bench: A Benchmark of Peer-Review Grounded Multimodal Inconsistencies

摘要

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