人工智能对技能培养的影响

摘要

人工智能辅助在各专业领域显著提升生产力，尤其对初级工作者效果明显。然而这种辅助如何影响有效监督AI所需技能的培养尚不明确。初级工作者若过度依赖AI完成陌生任务，可能在此过程中削弱自身技能习得。我们通过随机对照实验，研究开发者在有无AI辅助的情况下掌握新型异步编程库的效果。研究发现：AI使用会削弱对编程概念的理解、代码阅读及调试能力，且平均未能带来显著效率提升；完全委托AI完成编码任务的参与者虽有一定效率改善，但以牺牲库知识学习为代价。我们识别出六种AI交互模式，其中三种包含认知参与的模式即使在使用AI辅助时仍能保持学习效果。研究表明：AI驱动的生产力提升并非能力培养的捷径，应谨慎将AI辅助纳入工作流程以保护技能形成——尤其在安全关键领域。

English

AI assistance produces significant productivity gains across professional domains, particularly for novice workers. Yet how this assistance affects the development of skills required to effectively supervise AI remains unclear. Novice workers who rely heavily on AI to complete unfamiliar tasks may compromise their own skill acquisition in the process. We conduct randomized experiments to study how developers gained mastery of a new asynchronous programming library with and without the assistance of AI. We find that AI use impairs conceptual understanding, code reading, and debugging abilities, without delivering significant efficiency gains on average. Participants who fully delegated coding tasks showed some productivity improvements, but at the cost of learning the library. We identify six distinct AI interaction patterns, three of which involve cognitive engagement and preserve learning outcomes even when participants receive AI assistance. Our findings suggest that AI-enhanced productivity is not a shortcut to competence and AI assistance should be carefully adopted into workflows to preserve skill formation -- particularly in safety-critical domains.

人工智能对技能培养的影响

How AI Impacts Skill Formation

摘要

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