思想种子作为潜在原因：专注冥想的双过程计算现象学

摘要

冥想专长涉及持续注意力、从分心中快速恢复的能力以及大规模脑网络的协调动态。我们提出了一种聚焦注意力冥想的计算现象学，其遍历四种吸引子状态：呼吸专注、走神、元觉察和注意力重定向。在双过程主动推理框架下，该模型实现了一个三层嵌套马尔可夫毯架构：（L1）高维生理神经基质，建模为注意力Yeo网络上的随机多变量奥恩斯坦-乌伦贝克过程；（L2）低维生成模型（系统1），将潜在心理内容编码为思维种子并评估自主行动倾向；（L3）代理性元认知监控器（系统2），通过全局神经元工作空间（GNW）容量瓶颈选择性门控这些倾向。在L3中，元觉察作为GNW触发信号发挥作用，其源自策略先验差异，并通过组织者与干扰者思维种子之间的直接竞争进行动态门控。策略选择主动最小化预期自由能，而L2行动通过提供对网络活动的下行预测，以完成生成性感知-行动循环。训练采用变分期望最大化（EM）方法，涵盖专家与新手表型。模拟结果再现了与内省神经科学实证观察一致的的行为模式，为第一人称现象学与客观神经生理测量之间建立了可处理的联系。

English

Meditative expertise involves sustained attention, rapid recovery from distraction, and coordinated dynamics of large-scale brain networks. We present a computational phenomenology of focused-attention meditation traversing four attractor states: breath focus, mind-wandering, meta-awareness, and redirect attention. Within a dual-process active inference formulation, the model implements a three-layer nested Markov-blanket architecture: (L1) a high-dimensional physiological neuronal substrate modeled as a stochastic multivariate Ornstein--Uhlenbeck process over attentional Yeo networks; (L2) a low-dimensional generative model (System 1) that encodes latent mental content as thoughtseeds and evaluates autonomic action tendencies; and (L3) an agentic metacognitive monitor (System 2) that implements a Global Neuronal Workspace (GNW) capacity bottleneck to selectively gate these tendencies. In L3, meta-awareness functions as the GNW ignition signal, derived from policy-prior divergence and dynamically gated by direct competition between orchestrator and distractor thoughtseeds. Policy selection actively minimizes expected free energy, and L2 actions furnish descending predictions over network activity to close the enactive perception--action cycle. Training uses variational Expectation-Maximization (EM) across expert and novice phenotypes. Simulations reproduce behavior consistent with empirical observations and findings in contemplative neuroscience, providing a tractable link between first-person phenomenology and objective neurophysiological measures.

思想种子作为潜在原因：专注冥想的双过程计算现象学

Thoughtseeds as Latent Causes: A Dual-Process Computational Phenomenology of Focused-Attention Meditation

摘要

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