幻引文问题剖析：基于ACL会议300篇虚构论文的引用影响揭示

摘要

近期，我们在审稿论文、预印本及已发表文献中频繁观察到引用内容与现有研究成果不符的虚构引用现象。这类"幻觉引用"（HalluCitation）严重威胁科学可靠性，若出现在录用论文中更可能损害学术会议的公信力。本研究系统调查了幻觉引用的普遍性及影响，通过分析ACL、NAACL和EMNLP三大会议2024-2025年所有出版物（含主会、Findings分会及研讨会论文），发现近300篇论文存在至少一处幻觉引用，其中多数发表于2025年。值得注意的是，仅EMNLP 2025这一最新会议就占据半数案例，表明该问题正加速蔓延。更严重的是，EMNLP 2025主会及Findings分会录用的此类论文逾百篇，已对学术信誉造成实质性影响。

English

Recently, we have often observed hallucinated citations or references that do not correspond to any existing work in papers under review, preprints, or published papers. Such hallucinated citations pose a serious concern to scientific reliability. When they appear in accepted papers, they may also negatively affect the credibility of conferences. In this study, we refer to hallucinated citations as "HalluCitation" and systematically investigate their prevalence and impact. We analyze all papers published at ACL, NAACL, and EMNLP in 2024 and 2025, including main conference, Findings, and workshop papers. Our analysis reveals that nearly 300 papers contain at least one HalluCitation, most of which were published in 2025. Notably, half of these papers were identified at EMNLP 2025, the most recent conference, indicating that this issue is rapidly increasing. Moreover, more than 100 such papers were accepted as main conference and Findings papers at EMNLP 2025, affecting the credibility.

幻引文问题剖析：基于ACL会议300篇虚构论文的引用影响揭示

HalluCitation Matters: Revealing the Impact of Hallucinated References with 300 Hallucinated Papers in ACL Conferences

摘要

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