假如人工智能系統並非聊天機器人？

摘要

人工智慧（AI）快速匯聚至對話式聊天機器人介面，標誌著該產業的關鍵時刻。本文主張，聊天機器人典範並非中立的介面選擇，而是一種主導性的社會技術配置，其廣泛採用重塑了社會、經濟、法律及環境系統。我們探討將AI主要視為對話助手如何帶來廣泛的結構性弊端。我們展示基於聊天機器人的系統往往未能充分滿足使用者需求，特別是在複雜或高風險情境中，同時卻展現自信與權威。我們進一步分析聊天機器人中介互動的常態化如何改變工作、學習與決策模式，導致技能退化、知識同質化以及對專業知識期望的轉變。最後，我們檢視更廣泛的社會效應，包括勞動替代、經濟權力集中，以及因持續投資大規模聊天機器人基礎設施而增加的環境成本。在承認合理益處的同時，我們認為當前AI發展軌跡反映了特定價值選擇，優先考量對話通用性而非領域特異性、問責性與長期社會永續性。結論中，我們概述超越單一規格聊天機器人的AI發展與治理替代方向，強調多元系統設計、任務特定工具及制度保障，以減輕社會與經濟損害。

English

The rapid convergence of artificial intelligence (AI) toward conversational chatbot interfaces marks a critical moment for the industry. This paper argues that the chatbot paradigm is not a neutral interface choice, but a dominant sociotechnical configuration whose widespread adoption reshapes social, economic, legal, and environmental systems. We examine how treating AI primarily as conversational assistants has extensive structural downsides. We show how chatbot-based systems often fail to adequately meet user needs, particularly in complex or high-stakes contexts, while projecting confidence and authority. We further analyze how the normalization of chatbot-mediated interaction alters patterns of work, learning, and decision-making, contributing to deskilling, homogenization of knowledge, and shifting expectations of expertise. Finally, we examine broader societal effects, including labor displacement, concentration of economic power, and increased environmental costs driven by sustained investment in large-scale chatbot infrastructures. While acknowledging legitimate benefits, we argue that the current trajectory of AI development reflects specific value choices that prioritize conversational generality over domain specificity, accountability, and long-term social sustainability. We conclude by outlining alternative directions for AI development and governance that move beyond one-size-fits-all chatbots, emphasizing pluralistic system design, task-specific tools, and institutional safeguards to mitigate social and economic harm.

假如人工智能系統並非聊天機器人？

What if AI systems weren't chatbots?

摘要

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