个人叙事中的风格形式化

摘要

个人叙事是作者为赋予自身经历意义而构建的故事。风格，即作者运用语言表达自我的独特方式，是这些叙事传递主观体验的核心要素。然而，目前尚缺乏一个系统分析这些风格选择的正式框架。我们提出了一种新颖方法，将个人叙事中的风格形式化为作者在传达主观体验时所做语言选择的模式。我们的框架整合了三个领域：功能语言学将语言确立为有意义选择的系统，计算机科学提供了自动提取和分析序列模式的方法，而这些模式与心理学观察结果相关联。利用语言模型，我们自动提取诸如过程、参与者和环境等语言特征。我们将该框架应用于数百个梦境叙事，包括对一位患有创伤后应激障碍的退伍军人的案例研究。对其叙事的分析揭示了独特模式，尤其是言语过程如何主导心理过程，从而阐明了语言选择与心理状态之间的关系。

English

Personal narratives are stories authors construct to make meaning of their experiences. Style, the distinctive way authors use language to express themselves, is fundamental to how these narratives convey subjective experiences. Yet there is a lack of a formal framework for systematically analyzing these stylistic choices. We present a novel approach that formalizes style in personal narratives as patterns in the linguistic choices authors make when communicating subjective experiences. Our framework integrates three domains: functional linguistics establishes language as a system of meaningful choices, computer science provides methods for automatically extracting and analyzing sequential patterns, and these patterns are linked to psychological observations. Using language models, we automatically extract linguistic features such as processes, participants, and circumstances. We apply our framework to hundreds of dream narratives, including a case study on a war veteran with post-traumatic stress disorder. Analysis of his narratives uncovers distinctive patterns, particularly how verbal processes dominate over mental ones, illustrating the relationship between linguistic choices and psychological states.

个人叙事中的风格形式化

Formalizing Style in Personal Narratives

摘要

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